Solutions

= =
 * __Solutions__**

**Vocab:**

 * Solute-** Dissolves in the solvent
 * Solvent-** most abundant components
 * Saturated-** contains the max amount of dissolved solute at given temperature in the preseence of undissolved solute
 * Unsaturated-** a solution in which more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature
 * Super-Saturated-** an unstable solution in which more solute is dissolved than in a saturate solution
 * Dissociation-** splitting of a molecule into smaller pieces
 * Colloid-** a suspension in which a solute-like phase is dispersed throughout a solvent-like phase
 * Tyndall Effect-** the scattering of light by a colloidal suspension


 * Miscible-** substance that can be dissolved within one another at any ratio amount
 * Immiscble-** substances that cannot be dissolved into one another at any ratio
 * Solvation-**the process of surrounding a solute particle with solvent particles/**Hydration-** solvation in water
 * Suspension-** a heterogeneous mixture containing particles that are distinct from the surrounding medium
 * Likes-dissolve-likes-** substance with similar types of inter molecular forces dissolve in each other


 * Molarity**(M)**-** moles of solute dissolved in 1L of solution
 * Percent by mass-**mass in grams of solute dissolved per 100. g of solution**/volume-** the space occupied by a sample of matter
 * Dilute-/Concentrated-** to make a liquid thinner by adding water to it/amount of substance per space


 * Colligative Property-** a property of a solution that depends on the number, not the identity, of solute particles
 * **Freezing Point Depression-**the lowering of a freezing point of a solvent caused by the presence of dissolved solute particles
 * **Melting Point Elevation-** the increase in a boiling point of a solvent caused by the presence of dissolved solute
 * **Osmotic Pressure-** the pressure required to prevent the net movement of solvent across the membrane,that results from the inability of solute particles to cross a semipermemable membrane

=__**Problems**__= __**Problem 1**__:Colligative Properties

If I add 45 grams of sodium chloride to 500 grams of water, what will the melting and boiling points be of the resulting solution? Given: Kb(H2O) = 0.52 C/M and Kf(H2O) = 1.86 C/m

Use the formal Tb= Kb(m) to solve Convert the 45 grams to mols and the 500 grams to kg. Step #1.) 45g|__1mol__ =.77m 58.43g

500g| __1kg__ = .5 kg 1000g Divide the moles by the kg to get the (m) value of the equation. Step #2.) .77/.5kg = 1.54 m/kg (m) Multiply the (m) value by the given Kb value to get the Tb value. Step #3.) 1.54(.52) = .8008

Add 100C to get the boiling point Step #4.) .8008 + 100 = 100.8 = 100C because of sig figs

To find the boiling temperature multiply the (m) by the Kf value and subtract it from zero to get the freezing temperature. Step #5.) 1.86(1.54) = 2.8644 0-2.86 = -2.86C make sure to round using sig figs.

Indicate the solvent that will best dissolve the solute. Use molecular explainations to explain your choices: Solute : Boron Trichloride Solvents: carbon tetrachloride, water Look at the electronegativity and the lew dot structure of the compound The carbon tetrachloride is more alike in its lewis dot structure, so that's the answer.
 * __Problem 2__**

How many grams would you need to make 450 mL of a 0.250 M NaOH solution?
 * __Problem 3__**

Step #1.) Set up a proportion to solve for the mols, and solve for X.

__X mol__ = __.24 mol__ .450 mL 1

x= .1125 mols

Step #2.) Convert the moles to grams.

.1125 mol | __39.98 g__ = 4.39 grams (remember sig figs!) 1 mol

__**Problem 4**__ Find the molarity of sodium chloride dissolved to make 0.05 L of solution.

M =mol/liters Step #1.) divide the mols by the liters

.5 mol/.05 liters = 1M

=**__Websites__**= @http://www.solubilityofthings.com/basics How do substances dissolve? @http://chemistry.about.com/od/lecturenotesl3/a/concentration.htm How do you calculate the concentration of a solution? @http://www.chem.fsu.edu/chemlab/chm1046course/colligative.html How do colligate properties affect the phase change of solutions?

=**__LEQ Questions__**= What is the conversion equation to change from celcius to kelvins?

How do you make a saturated solution a supersaturated solution?

How do you dilute a solution?