Unit+1

 __**Unit 1. By: Sam, Grant, Karlie, and Ty.**__

__ Quantitative: __ the amount of something. (Mass, length, volume, temp.) examples: pan balance, scale, beakers, and rulers. __Qualitative:__ the quality of something. examples: precise measurements, clean equipment, safety signs, and procedures. Metric System: __Density:__ comparison of mass to volume -lead = high density (high mass/low volume -intrinsic property: never changes, specific to material d= m/v = g/L = g/cm^3 (liquids) (solids) - floats on H2O (any substance) it means it has a lower density than water - sinks on H20 (any substance) it means it has a higher density than water
 * || Letter || Value ||
 * Kilo || K || 1,000 ||
 * Hecto || H || 100 ||
 * Deka || DA --> da || 10 ||
 * Base Unit || M, l, g || 1 ||
 * Deci || D -->d || 0.1 ||
 * Centi || c || 0.01 ||
 * Milli || m || 0.001 ||

__Rounding:__ -Ruler: two decimal places -mL g.c: 2 decimal places -Balance: record what it says

__Calculating Percent Error:__ Theoretical (your calculations) - Actual (what science says) x 100 Theoretical

__Significant Figures:__ 1. non zero digits are always sig figs Ex: 1,275.3 (5 sig figs) 2. Zeros between non zero numbers are significant Ex: 1001.5 = 5 sig figs 3. Zeros at the beginning of a # are NEVER sig figs Ex: 0.0053 = 2 sig figs 4. Zeros after a # and after a decimal point are significant Ex: 0.5600 = 4 sig figs 5. Zeros preceding an "imaginary" decimal point and following a # are not significant Ex: 1,000 = 1 sig fig

__Mathematics of Sig. Figs.:__ +/- Rules When adding or subtracting #s your final answer can only be as precise as the # that is least precise, in decimals Ex: 2.445 +2.3 = 4.745 --> 4.7

Multiplication and Division Rules When mult./dividing two #s your final answer can only contains as many sig figs as the factor with the least # of sig figs used to find it. Ex: 2.565 (4 sig figs) x 8.30 (3 sig figs) = 21.2895 --> 21.3 (3 sig figs)

__Scientific Notation:__ 3.1 x 10^6 1. The base (3.1 in example) must be between 1 and 10, but not equal to 10. 2. The power of ten is determined by starting with the original number. The number being converted to scientific notation. Count the number of places that the decimal point must be moved in order to have only one sig fig digit to the left of the decimal point. For each place the decimal point is moved left, the power of 10 is increased by 1. For each place the decimal point is moved right, the power of ten is decreased by 1. Examples: 1) express 350,000 in scientific notation 350,000 = 3.5 x 10^5 2) express 0.000000587 in scientific notation 0.000000587 = 5.87 x 10^ -7

__Adding and Subtracting Scientific Notation:__ 1) change each # so powers of ten match 2) add or subtract #s 3) attach power of ten to answer w/ units 4) if your answer gives you an answer larger than 10 or smaller than 1 adjust power of 10 accordingly

__Multiplying or Dividing:__ 1) multiply or divide numbers as told 2) when multiplying add powers of 10, when dividing subtract them 3) adjust power of 10 to be in proper scientific notation form

1). What is the density of a cylinder with a mass of 6.00 grams and a volume of 3.45 grams. Answer: 6.00/3.45 = 1.74 g/mL 2). Count how many sig figs there are: - 0.005420 >> 4 sig figs -1002.05 >> 6 sig figs -1.0000 >> 5 sig figs -1233.4 >> 5 sig figs 3). Add the numbers and round to correct sig figs: 2.445+2.3 = 4.745 >> 4.7 4). Add the powers of 10: (4.5 x 10^7) + (3.2 x 10^3) = 45000 x 10^3 + 3.2 x 10^3 45003.2 x 10^3 4.50032 x 10^7 5). Multiply powers of 10: (4.0 x 10^5) x (9.0 x 10^2) 36 x 10^7 3.6 x 10^8 6).
 * __Sample Problems:__**

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